SIOP Lesson Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SIOP Lesson Plan - Research Paper Example Learners in all the grades benefit both in the content area and the bilingual aspects. This paper will prepare a SIOP lesson plan for grade five students under the food and nutrition topic whereby, working in collaborative groups, they will be required to identify the nutritional values of food served in the school cafeteria. This paper will describe a learning project whose length is five class periods covering multiple content and sheltered instructional approaches that address learners with special needs and the ELLs. The standards used are contained in the New York State ELA, and the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). New York State ELA Standards Standard 1: The students will read and write, then listen and speak for the purpose of understanding and information. Standard 3: The students will read and write, then listen and speak for the purpose of evaluation and critical analysis. This lesson plan will address the above requirements by ensuring students r ead, listen, write and speak effectively so as to comprehend content, present information, communicate with fellow students and evaluate their own progress. TESOL Standards Standard 1: Within the school environment, ELLs will communicate in English for both instructional and social purposes Standard 2: ELLs will communicate ideas, concepts and information that facilitate their academic success in the art of language. The lesson plan will require the ELLs to use English in their communication of ideas, concept and information throughout the project (Tharpe & Gallimore, 1988). Content Objectives Students will be able to know nutritional values of food offered for lunch on the school menu by engaging in learning groups and investigative methods to research on the content. They will then present their findings in PowerPoint form in groups. Language Objectives Students will be able to communicate information verbally. They will re-tell the contents of the curriculum and use appropriate v ocabulary to describe what they have learnt. Although content and language objectives are presented as distinct objectives, they are with the standards as well as each other. Vocabulary The key vocabulary words are vitamin, sodium, fiber, mono-unsaturated fat, poly-unsaturated fat, protein, carbohydrate and calorie. Materials KWL chart, graphic organizer created by the teacher, computer projection screen, PowerPoint, classroom laptops, internet resources, and recipe cards. Strategies The strategies are driven by language and content standards, and the implementation is done with consideration to the theories of language acquisition that appeal to an assorted scope of learners. The learners are presented with an opportunity to utilize technology resources and graphic organizers, re-state information, work in mutual learning groups and discover information through research. Because the plan is designed for both learners with special needs and ELLs, strategies like jigsaw are used for their proven instructing effectiveness. A meaningful, thematic mode of instruction facilitates acquisition of second language, gives room for collaboration, provides scaffolding, and allows opportunities for use of oral and written English while building background. Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, the strategies are also designed to develop the learners’ mental skills, grow their emotional or feelings aspects and enhance their

Funnist Incident in Classroom Essay Example for Free

Funnist Incident in Classroom Essay Alright so it was an ordinary day at school, and I was going to my locker in between fifth and sixth hour for the school-wide locker clean-out. I didnt have much to clean, I just emptied my locker of a few homework assignments that seemed to be hiding in the back. So I was done cleaning and I went to my sixth hour class, which really isnt much of a class as it is independent study. Its just me and these two kids from New Delhi who are in seventh grade and take pre-calculus. Well, the room I go to for sixth hour is a science room, so there are a few safety apparatuses to use, just in case: There is an eye wash station if you get chemicals in your eye and a ventilation wood if youre working with things that give off fumes. The last safety device is the safety shower, which is nothing more than a slight depression in the floor where there is a drain, a showerhead overhead, and this metal rod thing that you pull which releases an enormous gush of water. I think you use it if your clothes get on fire or if you accidentally spill chemicals on yourself. Anyhow, I was walking around the room, reading some science comics that were plastered to the wall. Well, I happened to slip on a rogue piece of cardboard that was lying on the floor, and I was spiraling out of control right towards the safety shower. I had no other choice, and plus I was a bit disoriented because I was spinning, so I grabbed on to the metal rod to stop myself from falling and WOOOOOSH A hundred gallons of cold water come down all over me! Im standing their soaking wet, not knowing what to do, and finally the teacher walks into the room and nearly drops his coffee. I was sent to the nurse and she gave me a big towel to wrap myself in. The nurse called my mom to let her know what happened, and she picked me up from school about twenty minutes later. The worst part wasnt me getting wet, oh no. When I activated the safety shower, the door to the classroom was open, and you could see me directly from the doorway! There was a whole crowd of people outside the adjacent classroom, and they started laughing ! I was so embarrassed!

The Space Between Us andA Thousand Splendid Suns Essay -- Comparative,

In architecture, contrast is used to create a dramatic entrance. The observer moves from a small, dimly lit space to a grand room full of light where they feel the impact of the room because of its contrast with the previous one. Similarly, authors, the architects of a book’s plot, use contrast to emphasize a character’s struggles and triumphs. In both The Space Between Us by Thirty Umrigar and A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini, the authors use the contrast between two lives to emphasize the power of money, education, and gender within Afghan and Indian society. The centre of economy and the focus of many lives, the power of money is punctuated by the difference in wealth in Bhima and Sera’s lives in The Space Between Us. The importance of money is stressed in A Thousand Splendid Suns with the contrast between Mariam’s father’s prosperity and her mother’s poverty and the difference in Laila and Mariam’s lives before and after war. Centred on the newly abolished caste system, the distinction between Bhima and Sera’s financial situations underlines the difference money makes in their society. While Bhima is forced to live in a slum, Sera enjoys the luxury of her home and the employment of Bhima. Another luxury Bhima can’t afford is to welcome Maya’s baby. Instead she is forced to watch her granddaughter suffer from the emotional effects of an abortion. While Sera eagerly awaits the birth of her own grandchild she is the one who financially facilitates the abortion of Bhima’s great- grandchild. Furthermore, because of the pre-existing social constraints of the caste system, Bhima is not permitted to sit on the same furniture or use the same dishes as Sera. Similarly, Mariam’s life is also restricted by her mother’s pove... ... few prospects. As a result, she felt the loss of something that could empower her to achieve her dreams. The power of education is also accented in The Space Between Us by the divergent lives that Bhima and Maya lead. While Bhima on the one hand is destined to forever serve others, Maya has the potential to overcome her circumstances because of her education. The importance that schooling can make in Maya’s life is repeatedly pointed out by Bhima whose dream for Maya is that she will go from her hut with two copper pots to â€Å"a kitchen with sparkling stainless steel pots and pans† (page 21) This is Bhima’s ultimate vision for Maya, one only attainable by continuing her schooling. Polarized by Bhima’s lack of education, which is what she equates to as the reason for her almost destitute life, the potential that school can afford a person in India is clearly defined.

Understanding Ourselves in the Age of the Internet Essay -- Sherry Tur

Understanding Ourselves in the Age of the Internet In her book, Life on Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, author Sherry Turkle explains the effect technology has on the way individuals view themselves, and how this relates to the growth of postmodernist thinking. According to Turkle, the rapid expansion of network technology, specifically the Internet, is responsible for introducing millions of people to new spaces and ways of interactivity with one another. This revolutionary method for relating to others is swiftly changing how we view our minds, our sexual interactions, the forms of our communities, and even our own identities (Turkle 9). In the excerpts selected for our class reading, Turkle cites Internet communication technology such as chat rooms, MUDs (Multi-User Domains) and IRC (Internet Relay Chat) as the basis for the further exploration of our identities because, "it is on the Internet that our confrontations with technology as it collides with our sense of human identity are fresh, even raw. In the real-time communities of cyber space, we are dwellers on the threshold between the real and virtual, unsure of our footing, inventing ourselves as we go along" (Turkle 10). As we invent new identities in order to harmonize with the changing frontiers of technology and society, our culture moves from the modernist idea of calculation to a postmodern concept of simulation (Turkle 20). To understand the difference between the postmo dernist impact on contemporary thought as opposed to the modernist view, it is important to hold a basic understanding of both ideas. Modernist thought is difficult to accurately define - the gradual evolution of philosophy makes it hard to determine how long modernism has ex... ...l life and what is considered computer simulation. After all, most chat users argue, "why grant such superior status to the self that has the body when the selves that don't have bodies are able to have different kinds of experiences?" (Turkle 14). The technological culture of simulation is gradually affecting the way we view our minds as well as our bodies, and a majority of mainstream computer programs are designed with this postmodern influence in mind. Rather than expecting to program aptitude directly into their computers, programmers now believe it is the interaction of smaller subprograms to each other that can create a greater intelligence. The relation of these programs to each other may become too complex to properly define or completely understand, but so are our brains - and this never prevented them from functioning competently (Turkle 20).

American Indian Hist

The question of what motivates people more when they act – cultural priorities, such as religion or tradition, or the so-called â€Å"rational† motivations, such as economics and politics – has been one long debated on. This debate has been quite fierce, members of both sides providing valid and powerful arguments to support their claims. One of the focal points for this discussion are the people known under the blanket term â€Å"Native Americans†. Where did their motivations stem from? Was it merely pragmatism, a wish to get the most out of any outsiders? Or was culture and tradition vital to decision making?It is doubtless that both of these factors were present, however, the question is, which was the initial factor of influence, dominating thought and action. Scholars have attempted to prove points both ways. I support the side which claims that culture was the primary factor. I shall first provide counter-arguments to the opposing side, then provide supporting arguments for my own claim. First, however, it must be noted that Native Americans is a very catchall term, which is used for lack of a better one. As the website of the Native American research center states, â€Å"It must be emphasized that no one person speaks for Indian People.There are nearly three hundred distinct American Indian Nations in the present United States. Each has its own language and history, its own sacred places and rituals. Each is rooted in and part of the land out of which it grew. â€Å" There are dozens of tribes, including some that are officially considered extinct now, that had quite different customs. If we say that there were Native Americans and they had one kind of culture and, as a consequence, had the same customs, we may just as well say that there are Europeans and they have one culture, completely losing the obvious distinctions between different nations.The cultures of different tribes of Native Americans are very different  œ to deny this would be to unjustly diminish their cultural value – and yet there are cultural tendencies, and there are exceptions. I will attempt to prove that the tendency is to use tradition as a guideline, and the occasions where â€Å"pragmatical† reasons have been primary are the exceptions verifying the rule. First I shall examine the political argument. It seems very difficult to think that â€Å"politics† in the sense that we understand them now had an influence on the Native Americans.When we think of â€Å"politics† we think of diplomatic traditions, of treaties that are made to be broken, of backstabbing. This, however, was not the dominant case with Native Americans. As Dee Brown wrote in his book â€Å"Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee†, â€Å"So tractable, so peaceable, are these people,’ Columbus wrote to the King and Queen of Spain [referring to the Tainos on the island of San Salvador, so was named by Columbus], ‘that I swear to your Majesties there is not in the world a better nation.They love their neighbors as themselves, and their discourse is ever sweet and gentle, and accompanied with a smile; and though it is true that they are naked, yet their manners are decorous and praiseworthy. † This was verified a number of times by other observations, Columbus’s report being merely the most famous occasion. Time after time, the settlers used the same tactic. While officially recognizing the natives as owners of the land, they used any tactic possible to get them to sell the land, up to getting the chief of the tribe drunk.Then, once the treaty – which usually went along the lines of â€Å"There are white men on your lands now anyway, but give us a part of your land, and we will not go on your land without your permission. † – was signed, in a few years the expansion continued in the same manner, and new treaties were signed. Despite these circumstances, there have b een virtually no instances of the treaties between the Indians and the Europeans being broken by the Indians – however, Europeans were breaking these treaties constantly, in 99% of the cases!One would think that if politics were the defining factor in the Native American’s way of dealing they would have changed their tactic after the first few times these treaties were broken – they were not fools, and hundreds of years of such tactics would have destroyed even the most saintly naivete. So the conclusion must be that there was something more than mere hope that the white men would see reason standing behind these promises that forced the Native Americans to keep them. The next common choice for primary motivation is economics.However, despite the fact that the Indians had private property and were no strangers to trade, this could hardly be the dominating motivation. First of all, the Indians were completely self-supporting. Even if they did require something es sential they could not produce themselves – which was fairly rare – other Native American tribes generally proved much better business partners, generally being more honest than the Europeans. Consequentially, all the Europeans could offer them were luxuries. This, naturally, should not be underestimated as a lure in any way.However, a trade which truly entails only luxuries is always small by necessity. In any case, trade relationships were not nearly so large-scale as in the Old World. They could not have been the driving motivation Also, we have numerous documents that detail the interaction between Native Americans and European settlers. The initial reply to the abovementioned land-selling treaties was nearly always quite similar. For instance, an excerpt from the 1752 Abenaki Conference between Captain Phineas Stevens and the St.Francis Indians shows the Indian’s attitude to these treaties: â€Å"4 – But we will not cede one single inch of the lands we inhabit beyond what has been decided formerly by our fathers. 5 – You have the sea for your share from the place where you reside; you can trade there; but we expressly forbid you to kill a single Beaver, or to take a single stick of timber on the lands we inhabit; if you want timber we'll sell you some, but you shall not take it without our permission. † And there exists a number of other documents revealing a similar attitude.Could this, in truth, only be showing that the Indians merely wanted a better deal? One could naturally gain a leeway in trade by keeping the land and selling its resources. However, it is a basic law of economics that one wishing to trade must meet the demand. Had this trade in itself been a factor of dire importance to the Indians, they would have put forth an effort to convince the Europeans that trading would prove profitable. However, the attitude that prevails in documents is one of indifference. It seems like the Indians did not care f or the presence of Europeans.If the white men wished a trade, then they would get a trade. If they did not, the Indians seemed perfectly content to let them live without making any more contact than absolutely necessary. Trade was not of importance – it influenced the relationship between the natives and settlers when it was present, but it was by no means the most important factor. On the other hand, tradition and culture was of extreme importance, influencing entire tribe’s behaviors – especially such a part of culture as religion. For Native Americans religion was of utmost importance.Even the Canadian Jesuit missionaries remarked that the Native Americans were highly religious – and not in the â€Å"Sunday Christian† sense, either, but with deep roots and a great influence of every aspect of their lives. This is a characteristic feature of most tribal societies, where little distinction is made between the sacral and the mundane. However, for I ndians religion had special relevance, as it was one of the things that allowed them to cling on to their cultural identity, saving them from assimilation. Yet even before this was a relevant factor, religion permeated nearly every aspect of Native American life.Their religion was (and remains) one of pure personal experience, not leaving any room for dogma. The Native American worldview is mythological. For all practical purposes, this means that religious factors such as hunting rituals and their theoretical results are the perceived as being absolutely as physically real as an arrow fired into an animal, having the same kind of cause-and-effect that a physical event might. A deal with a spirit, for instance, is treated as seriously as a treaty with a human. A spirit’s warning was heeded as much as a human’s would, with absolutely the same kind of discretion.And magical means of solving problems were taken as absolutely valid. One of the most well known incidents was in 1876, before the battle at Little-Big-Horn when the famed Sitting Bull performed a three-day shamanic ritual to decide what to do with the white men, staring at the sun and wounding himself until he fell unconscious. After he came to, he announced that the white men were there for the Indians to take, because he saw white men fall into the Indian’s camp headfirst, losing their hats, meaning they would be the killed by the Indians.Also he announced that â€Å"They had no ears†, i. e. they were deaf to reason, giving the Indians a moral right to attack. This is not the only incidence of religion influencing political activity. The Ghost Dance religion can be cited as another famous example, showing how Native American religion changed with the times, how it adapted to the flow of time and adopted alien cultural notions and yet survived without losing all of its cultural value, keeping the spirit, though changing the form.One might say that this lack of dissemination between regular life and religious life simply brings more factors into the political games. Religious leaders are used as figure heads for power play, and spirits are dealt with in the same manner humans are dealt with – if, indeed, the shamans who contact the spirits even believe in them and not use them as a means of their own power and control! This is, however, hardly the case, as there are numerous arguments against this position in the study of tribal societies as a whole.Firstly, their religion was always very personal. Every single Indian had their own religious experience and, as with any religion that requires its neophytes to work out their own niche – clergy being needed only in extreme cases – it is always very strong. The strength of this experience makes it difficult to give anything that is lower than it is a higher priority. The Native Americans did not believe in their gods watching over them – they knew the gods were there as much as t hey knew that their teepee was still standing.And while white men were considered a temporary nuisance, guests or invaders at best, and were treated that way, the gods were almost like family, and treated with necessary respect and given due priority. Second, as the phenomenon of the Ghost Dance shows, the acts done out of religion were not necessarily the wisest politically – such as the sending out of search parties to look for the Messiah said to be an incarnation of Jesus, and this at the time when men were crucial to survival – so faking divine inspiration for political power is ruled out.So, if the leaders genuinely believed in what they saw, the fate of hundreds and thousands rested within religion – more than enough to define it as one of the crucial influencing factors. It can be seen that politics and trade simply not as much of an influence on life, while religious and cultural activity was always extremely important, guiding the life of every Indian to a certain extent. This was the source of much misunderstanding, since for Europeans politics often took the leading role when religion failed to provide the necessary support and guidance.This made both sides misinterpret the others’ actions, resulting in a long and bloody war that spanned generations. The Native Americans also had also led wars between each other in the past; they were no strangers to military tactics. However, their wars had rules – ones that the settlers naturally broke, thus spelling defeat for the natives. This also shows just how big a role does tradition play in Native American society – had they adapted to the way of war which the Europeans brought to them, they would have survived losing less than they did.In conclusion, it can be said that, as we have seen, purely empirical evidence proves that the Native Americans did not use either politics or economics as the prime guideline for building the relationships either among themselves or between them and Europeans. These factors were not considered firsthand in any crisis situation, and even 370 years of war against the Europeans did not put them very high on the list of priorities. However, ethics and religion made quite an impact on the decisions made by the Native American people, and remain influential factors in their thinking to this day.This was the true motivation of most Native Americans, and remains so up to modern times. Works cited. 1. American Indian Culture Research Center: http://www. bluecloud. org/dakota. html 2. Dee Brown, â€Å"Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West†, Henry Holt & Company; Reprint edition (February 1, 1991) 3. Terry L. Anderson, â€Å"Dances with myths – truths about American Indians' environmental ethics†, Reason, February 1997. 4. Ghost Dance Religion: http://www. bgsu. edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost. html 5.Cultures of North America: http://www. mnsu. edu/emu seum/cultural/northamerica/index. shtml 6. Cultures of North America: http://www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/index. shtml 7. David Stannard, â€Å"The American Holocaust†, Oxford University Press, 1992. 8. The Massacre at Wounded Knee: http://www. hanksville. org/daniel/lakota/Wounded_Knee. html 9. The Wampum Chronicles: Mohawk Territory on the Internet: http://www. wampumchronicles. com/index. html 10. George E. Tinker, â€Å"Religion†: http://college. hmco. com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_032600_religion.htm 11. NativeWeb: http://www. nativeweb. org/ 12. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler: http://digital. library. okstate. edu/kappler/Vol1/HTML_files/toc. html 13. Abenaki Conference with Phineas Stevens. Documents Related to the Colonial History of the State of New York Vol. X. pg. 252-254. Donated by Jeffery Miller – Administrator of Fort #4. http://www. avcnet. org/ne-do-ba/doc_1752. html 14. The M anataka Oath, Creed and Code of Conduct: http://www. manataka. org/page182. html

Airport Extension Project essays

Airport Extension Project essays The airport runway extension took place on a large international airport that was in need of a mile long runway to accommodate the newer bigger jumbo jets to be produced in the near future. In order to fulfill this requirement, their largest runway needed to be extended 1000 feet. However, the budget and time restraints required that the project begin on February 1, 1999, be finished in 18 months, and cost less that 8 million dollars. This airport had one major problem. The longest runway could only be extended over a large ravine that housed a four lane interstate highway and three sets of operating railroad tracks. This dilemma greatly increased the time and cost of the project; however, with the use of detailed scheduling and estimating, the project was made to easily fall within the time and cost requirements. BJG Construction began on both the railroad and the highway tunnel, and everything went smoothly until the lid construction began. The beams that were involved in the lid construction were ordered at the start of the project and were to be delivered within 12 weeks. However, due to complications at the supplier, the delivery date was pushed back a full 13 weeks which immediately pushed this task onto the critical path. Furtherm...

Complete Guide on How to Write a Medicine Research Paper

Complete Guide on How to Write a Medicine Research Paper In general, the faculty of Medical Sciences offers students three main degree programs that include Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Bachelor of Health Sciences, Bachelor of Health Sciences in Medical Laboratory Science. Want to get one of these degrees? Be ready to create the best medicine research paper writing. This research field may include a number of disciplines like Anatomy, Pathology, Pharmacology, Physiology, and the others that are studied by students through research paper writing. To begin with, completing a research paper requires a set of good academic writing skills. A research paper on Medical Sciences is considered to be a scientific writing assignment that the majority of college undergraduates have to complete during their course. A number of students have some sufficient knowledge regarding one or another issue. But still, some of them face particular challenges while working on their written projects related to the field. Indeed, it is important to understand some essential peculiarities of research papers. Firstly, there is a basic structure to which you’re required to stick. Otherwise, your research paper won’t be coherent that makes it hard to use as a basis of the future analyses. Secondly, a research paper is written according to a formatting style (APA, MLA, Harvard, etc.) In the case with a medical research paper, you can be asked to use AMA that is characterized for medicine, health, and biological sciences. Thirdly, there is a variety of topics to cover in a research paper. All these and other important points of successful research paper writing are presented in the article. Go on reading to get closer to an A/A+ research paper on Medical Sciences. Choose a Research Problem and Find a Topic of Your Paper Firstly, you have to select a particular medical science issue to explore in a written form. There are some medicine research paper writing tips that can be useful for choosing the most appropriate topic of your college writing assignment. Firstly, make sure that the potential topics spark your interest as a young researcher. Answer the questions such as: Is it relevant to the field of study I will write my research paper? Is it interesting to research a particular topic? Does a specific topic contribute to the field of study? What is known about a research topic? If your answers provide you with the certainty that you are able to write on a particular topic, your chances to submit an A+ assignment are increasing. Secondly, make an attempt to find a topic for your writing on which you will have the opportunity to find a sufficient amount of information on. It is quite time-saving. However, don’t choose a topic that is thoroughly-investigated. This way you can just restate the well-known facts on Medicine. It is a field that requires new and new data to maintain the health of organisms. Thirdly, look for the materials that might be useful for your writing by taking notes on what a source is. It will be simpler to come back to an information source when you determine what topic you choose to write on. Finally, you have to narrow your research topic by relying on the materials you find among the credible sources. Yes, it may seem to be extra work to do the background research on a topic that won’t give any result. But be sure these vital step will help you develop the most effective topic for your research. You will get pleasure out of the writing process. Sometimes, college undergraduates are given a chance to find a research problem for their writing assignment. Hence, in the case, if you are free to choose a topic, try to focus on the specific fields of your interest. They may include different aspects of mental health, nutrition, substance abuse, aging, genetics, and other issues. An interesting example of a medical research assignment is the paper entitled â€Å"Childhood Obesity Epidemic Its Risks, Effects, and Prevention†. In this paper, it is needed to discuss the most common obesity-related health disorders faced by overweight children. Another part of the research paper may examine different ways of preventing this health issue. Additionally, you can look at the following list of topics on Medical Sciences List of the Medical Research Topics To Get Started Right Now Physician-Assisted Suicide Description, Evaluation, and Response; Pathogenesis of Acute Inflammation; Health Consequences of Eating Disorders; Skin Cancer Definition, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment; Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Its Benefits and Drawbacks. 3 Basic Pre-Writing Steps to Take for Success in Writing If you want the medicine research paper writing to flow smoothly, this section of the guide may be useful for you. So never neglect the basic prewriting steps. Use some important tips and recommendations related to the prewriting stage of research paper writing: Time management is one of the most important factors that influences your academic performance. Since each college assignment has a particular submission deadline date, you have to identify how much time is available to complete a research paper. For example, you can make a schedule what and when you will do to write a research paper. When you have chosen a research problem, define a topic of your paper, it is highly recommended to create an outline. You can use your computer to construct a brief and concise outline of your written assignment or do it on paper. As a result, you manage to organize your ideas in a logical and coherent manner. Keep it in front of your eyes to follow the flow of thoughts referring to the available resources needed for your research. In this case, an outline will help you find relevant sources faster without taking significant efforts. You can try brainstorming or free writing techniques to write the first draft of your research paper. Brainstorming is a considerably useful technique for writing the main ideas that will be mentioned in the paper. In this case, you can use bullet points or mind maps. Regarding another technique known as freewriting, you should write complete sentences and do not pay attention to the grammar and punctuation issues. The Only Structure of Medical Sciences Research Paper An academic research paper usually consists of parts without which it would look quite messy and difficult to follow the ideas. The structure that works for research papers includes an introduction, several main parts of the body and a conclusion. In most cases, body paragraphs of such scientific papers contain three main parts that are known as Methods, Results, and Discussion sections. Such a structure of a research paper is regarded as the IMRaD format. However, some types of medical research papers, like clinical reviews have another structure. Ask an instructor about it. In addition to the basic structure, you may need to include some parts like Table of Contents, Acknowledgements, and Appendices. Writing an Outline for Medical Research First of all, an outline is regarded as a well-organized description of a research paper. Using this type of writing assignment, you have the opportunity to present your ideas in a logical sequence and coherent way. Respectively, an outline consists of an introduction, main body, and a conclusion. For illustration purposes, we can use the clinical review â€Å"Childhood Obesity Epidemic Its Risks, Effects, and Prevention†. The introductory part of your outline should be informative and engaging. Hence, your introduction should include a hook, which provokes the readers’ interest, and an effective thesis statement. A thesis statement is the main idea of your research that should be developed in the following parts of the paper. For instance, taking into account the topic mentioned above, a thesis of this paper should describe the impact of this disorder on the individuals’ health as well as the ways of its prevention. In turn, the body paragraphs should present the arguments related to your thesis that are supported by a scientific evidence. While creating a strong final part of your research paper, you have to provide a concise summary of the main ideas discussed in the paper. Writing a Scientific Research Abstract In general, an abstract is considered to be a brief overview of your medical research paper. The abstract for the other types of writing assignments is written in the same manner. Keep in mind that a good abstract has a particular structure you should follow. This section of the paper should discuss the importance of your research topic. Additionally, do not forget to mention the goal of your research. In this part, you can include the methods used to investigate the given topic. These points may include the design of your study, its variables, and some types of intervention used to manipulate the variables. Then, summarize your findings and try to connect the results of your research to the thesis statement. In the case, if you are assigned to write a medical literature review, this preopening part of the scientific research paper is usually regarded as an informative abstract. First of all, it should be written after the paper is already completed. In the informative abstract, you have to provide a brief and concise summary of your main thesis as well as the most important findings. Apart from that, it is essential to mention all the medical studies you have used in the process of writing the paper. 5 Tips to Write a Good Abstract State the purpose of your research and its main findings; Be concise while summarizing your arguments; Discuss the importance of your research findings; Describe the research methods that help you to get these findings; Include more than 250 and less than 500 words. X Main Components of a Medical Literature Review This section of the paper will be focused on the knowledge about a research topic and its analytical review. Let’s consider the example of the medical research paper on a topic â€Å"Childhood Obesity Epidemic Its Risks, Effects, and Prevention† that has been already mentioned. In this case, you are required to write an introduction, the main body, and a conclusion. In the introductory part, you should identify a topic of the research and provide the background knowledge regarding this issue. In addition, it is required to introduce an appropriate context that will define your search of the literary materials. The introductory part of any research paper should contain a scope of the review. Taking into account the given topic related to obesity, this paper should include a general information not only regarding the dynamics of this health issue but also concerning the importance of your research. Another main component of the medical literature review is the main body. The interesting thing is that this section does not require the maintenance of a single structure, and all the body paragraphs may be organized in a different manner. In general, the structure of this section is fully dependent on the topic of the research. Coming back to our research paper topic, the main body of this writing can be broken up into three key sections. While the first one will be focused on the numerous risks of childhood obesity, the other two will describe the effects of this health issue and the preventative measures that could be taken. In conclusion, it is required to restate the thesis of the medical research paper. Respectively, you should analyze all the ideas mentioned in the paper and provide a brief summary of your research. Lastly, make sure that your conclusions regarding this health care issue are built on the scientific studies you have used in the paper. Editing and Proofreading as Final Stages of Your Writing The notion of proofreading involves the process of checking the paper for different errors. These errors may be either grammatical or typographical. What to do while proofreading a research paper? Use the following 3 tips on proofreading: Make sure that your paper is free of different grammatical errors. Such errors may be related to the use of tenses, the issue of subject-verb agreement, and the problem of incorrect word choices. Check your research paper for punctuation mistakes. The most common punctuation errors include the overuse of commas and semicolons, the interchange of hyphens and dashes, and the use of apostrophes. Find some spelling mistakes in your research paper. Pay close attention to the common spelling mistakes in English to avoid them in your paper. The editing stage is another important part of the revision process. Contrary to the proofreading stage, it is related to the structure of the paper as well as to its formatting issues. Your research paper can be edited on the following levels: Content. First of all, you should check whether your paper is written according to the given instructions. Make sure that your claims are clear and consistent and that your argument is complete. The adequacy of your evidence should be checked as well. Structure of a research paper. From this perspective, you should check whether your writing assignment has a clear introduction and an effective conclusion. A thesis statement should be included in the introductory part, and all paragraphs should be written in a logical sequence. Style correspondence. This issue implies the necessity to check whether the tone of your research paper is appropriate. Depending on the purpose of your paper, it can be formal, informal, or persuasive. Citations. Make sure that all your sources are cited according to the paper format required in the initial instructions. Common Mistakes That You Should Avoid in a Research Paper Use of the spoken language. Since your medical science research paper should be written using formal style, you cannot use the common language while writing your paper. In this case, try to use the alternative genders and pronouns. In addition, you can use the plural forms of nouns and pronouns to avoid using the gender-inclusive language. Use of non-credible sources. In the research paper, you have to use only reliable sources of information. Such sources may include books, academic publications, scientific articles that were taken from different medical journals, and the publications that can be found on the governmental websites. Inconsistent data and numerals introduced in the paper. In this case, it is highly recommended to introduce all the data in the medical research paper only after double checking. Follow this guide to make sure that it is not so difficult to write a research paper on Medicine even if it is late at night. You may be still in your room finishing some revisions and getting ready to submit your paper. Feel happy that you managed to finish a year’s worth of work as you know how to do the best medical research.

The Latin Word for Breathe Inspired Many English Terms

The Latin Word for Breathe Inspired Many English Terms The Latin Word for Breathe Inspired Many English Terms The Latin Word for Breathe Inspired Many English Terms By Mark Nichol The Latin verb spirare, meaning â€Å"breathe,† is the source of a number of verbs (and other parts of speech). Here’s a summary of these words and their meanings. Aspire literally means â€Å"breathe on†; the connotation is that one breathes heavily with the exertion of aspiring to a goal. The modern sense of aspire is â€Å"try to be or do something,† and the noun form aspirant refers to someone who is a candidate or contestant. To conspire (the word literally means â€Å"breath together†) is to plot, or plan a scheme with others. Plotters are also called conspirators, and conspiracy is a synonym for plot. Expire means â€Å"breathe out† but usually connotes the end of an offer or of a product’s shelf life; the noun form is expiration. (In Latin, expirare also meant â€Å"die,† and this sense carried over into English, although it is now rare.) The literal meaning of inspire is â€Å"breathe in†; the figurative sense derived from the idea that a deity breathes life into a mortal. The verb and the noun now chiefly pertain to that sense- of having an emotion or a feeling that prompts one to create or to cause something to happen. (An inspiration can also be someone or something that has a role in the accomplishment of a creative act or an event.) Perspire, meaning â€Å"breathe through,† is associated with the production of sweat; the noun form is perspiration. The verb respire (literally, â€Å"breathe again†) is rare, but the noun form respiration, which refers to the breathing cycle of inhaling oxygen into the body and exhaling carbon dioxide, is common. Suspire (literally, â€Å"breathe under†) is a rare synonym for sigh. Transpire, which literally means â€Å"breathe (or evaporate) across,† refers to evaporation of water from leaves (a process called transpiration) but has, by extension, come to mean â€Å"become known† as well as â€Å"happen† or â€Å"occur,† now the predominant senses of the word. Two technical terms derived from the Latin root are spirant, a linguistic term for a breathy consonant, and spirometer, the name of a device for measuring lung capacity; the principle is called spirometry. Finally, a related term is spirit. The word has multiple meanings: It became associated with divine power (see the reference to the figurative sense of inspire above) and, by extension, came to pertain to one’s character or nature, or the essential principle of something, and to denote courage, enthusiasm, or vigor. (Also based on the supernatural sense, it serves as a synonym for ghost.) In addition, it acquired in alchemy an association with volatile substances and ultimately came to be applied to alcoholic beverages. (Spire, referring to a tapering element such as the pinnacle of a tower, comes from an unrelated word for a sharp point; spear, however, is cognate with spire. Spiral, likewise, is unrelated both to the -spire family of words and to spire and spear.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Annotated Bibliography-Sheila-W6 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography-Sheila-W6 - Coursework Example Knowledge of information regarding the study was limited, and the researchers do not provide for future studies. The literature review is well explained that the readers had no difficulties absorbing the topic. The methodology was done by cross-sectional surveys of the samples of old adults that were similar to an earlier study by Wood. The technology users had improved health care compared to nonusers. The author is a public commentary with the information week health care leading to online publication. The researcher observes a difficulty in sharing health related information by patients. As a result, mobile manufacturers find it hard to provide apps that reveal their details. The author proposes further studies into the issue especially on possible solutions to the menace. Finding earlier information concerning the topic was almost inevitable making the study to rely on its data for analysis. The review was less in depth that resulted to rely much on the author conclusions. The methodology was by questionnaires presented to the health providers who revealed patients reluctant to share their data. Data is the solution to research as they form the basis of policy making. Skrvseth, S. O., Augestad, K. M., & Ebadollahi, S. (2015). Data-driven approach for assessing utility of medical tests using electronic medical records. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 53, 270-276. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2014.11.011 It is a comprehensive scholarly journal of biomedical informatics published by the Elsevier. The author asserts that data from patients taken through electronic medical records can be used to provide utilities to the medical tests. Due to increased data observations, the researcher believes that methodologies can be generated that provide content idea to the satisfaction of the medical tests. The study is very silent on information regarding previous studies and neither does it suggests for further research concerning the topic. The

Affirmative action- Trials within human resource management Term Paper

Affirmative action- Trials within human resource management - Term Paper Example The term â€Å"affirmative action† was first mentioned in the United States when President John F. Kennedy signed the Executive Order 10925 on March 6, 1961; this was then used to refer to initiatives that aimed to attain equality and prevent discrimination By 1965, the Executive Order 11246 was implemented, requiring all national contractors to make use of affirmative action when hiring employees, regardless of national origin, culture, and religion; in 1968, gender was then included in the anti-discrimination list. Aside from the US, other countries have taken similar approaches to promote equality in the society, such as Canada’s employment equity or the United Kingdom’s positive discrimination. Affirmative action is known to be a set of policies that consider gender, race, culture, religion, and national origin for an underprivileged or underrepresented population to obtain equal rights and benefits, thereby contradicting the outcomes of discrimination that h ave been passed down from every generation . Such policies emphasize a wide range of aspects, from health programs and social services to education and employment opportunities. Because affirmative action aims to encourage equal opportunities, it is typically applied in government actions and educational settings to make sure that all groups in the society are involved in such programs. Affirmative action can be exemplified through different forms, such as rigid quotas or encouragement of members of minority groups to apply for employment. Similarly, each intends to increase the number of underrepresented groups in the workplace, educational settings, or in any societal context. Programs that demonstrate affirmative action vary in terms of the extent to which they consider race as an important factor in making decisions and obtaining results. In 2001, representatives from the Americas gathered together to establish policies and implement strategies to combat racial discrimination. I n order to adopt affirmative and positive actions, paramount importance was attached to the creation of conditions for every individual to become involved both in decision making and realizing civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights with regards to all aspects of life on a foundation of non-discrimination (Global Rights, 2005). Such ideas acquired considerable support in the World Conference against Racism with which the Declaration and Programme of Action points out affirmative action as fundamental factor for the global struggle against discrimination. Due to the fact that international law promotes affirmative action, national and international treaties along with regional and global institutions have attempted to integrate countless norms that support equality and non-discrimination; more states are also being required to take on active roles in guaranteeing such rights. While a number of norms state that affirmative action is permissible, this form of positive a ction can be made mandatory by others. While the form and outline of such norms may slightly vary, nonetheless, international law requires that all states be involved in promoting affirmative action. Guidelines for Affirmative Action Plans and Programs Affirmative action should be supported in all contexts, such as in educational and workplace settings; therefore, educational institutions and organizations have proposed guidelines to promote equality among all individuals (Kravitz, Bludau, and Klineberg, 2008). For instance, American universities, in their intentions of seeking employees, have established guidelines for their affirmative action programs, directed towards women, minority groups, people with disabilities, and veterans, to which academic and staff members should comply. For instance, university policies that affect staff members should be reviewed to ensure the provision of equitable treatment for every employee, compliance with the legal requirements for avoidance of discrimination and equal employment opportunity, as well

Pedagory assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pedagory assignment - Essay Example This is unlike the white people who stand a higher chance of getting jobs and social positions. The white people are considered to be trustworthy as compared to the Asians. They also have a good reputation. Although the United States Congress formulated and established laws for prohibiting inequalities and racial discrimination, the mindset of the people still deeply influences their judgments and way of thinking. Unlike other races, the Caucasians do better in the society. They are considered to be the host of the land, though this cannot be historically proven. Their achievements in various fields are wider as compared to those of the other races. They are the majority occupiers of many of the major industries in the United States. This is despite the existence of other immigrants like the Asians and the Africans. Immigrants and minority groups are treated unfairly from the whites (William, 2005). They do not have the same access and convenience to some educational levels and job opportunities. People born in the United States, especially the whites have the advantage of getting the best educational levels and job opportunities in comparison with the others. The international students do not have equal opportunities to top-level colleges and job offers as the American students have. Many opportunities are only open for the American citizens in the employment fairs. The Asians and Jews are the two most highly educated groups in the United States. Despite their high levels of education, they do not get privileges when it comes to the real workplace. An employer in the United States would prefer an American student for employment as opposed to a Jew or an Asian. It would not matter that the Asian/Jew is highly learned and has wide experience as compared to the American student. This is a clear manifestation of how racial discrimination plays a significant role in the job

Biotechnology Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biotechnology - Movie Review Example That it does not necessarily follow that a superior gene can guarantee success such as the case of Jerome Eugene Morrow who had an excellent genetic predisposition but has poor coping mechanism in the vicissitudes of life that made him a literal â€Å"invalid† due to a failed suicide. This induced aversion to Gattaca’s overemphasis to genes inadvertently drew the audience to Vincent to become more sympathetic with his effort to become an astronaut. The rhetorical strategy of using ethos or the elevation of the character to get the audience to Vincent’s side was very prominent in the film. This is especially obvious in scenes where Vincent beat his brother Anton, who has a superior genetic make than him, in â€Å"Chicken† swimming contest because Vincent is more determined to win by not leaving anything to get back. In the street also where Vincent had to cross without the contact lenses revealed Vincent’s determination to realize his goal as it was shown in the film that he cannot almost see anything yet he still crossed it. This was Vincent’s main selling point in the film that would contrast him from Gattaca’s over reliance on predetermined genetic make-up. In highlighting his qualities such as his persistence, determination, will and discipline, Vincent showed character which is not determined by genetics but is a more important determinant in making an individual a success. Early in the film, Vincent’s experience of being discriminated that emboldened him to persist in realizing his dream is the film’s usage of pathos or emotional appeal for the audience to side with Vincent. Andrew Niccol knows that is our nature to be sympathetic with the underdogs and the oppressed and being such, this was thoroughly exploited in the film Gattaca for the audience to connect with the main protagonist, the invalid who beat valids

Techniques in Problem Solving and Decision Making Assignment

Techniques in Problem Solving and Decision Making - Assignment Example To clearly proffer issues pertaining to the management of abovementioned concerns, it is appropriate to describe briefly one’s personal background and personality. Being part of a large family, one was accorded the privilege to interact not only with the nuclear family but with the extended family, as well. The experience provided one with the opportunity to be nourished with love and affection required to gain enough skills to interact with other people. One was initially shy and timid but the constant interaction with family members and friends in school developed communication skills and enhanced understanding of conflict resolution and negotiation. Likewise, when one belongs to a large family, there are tasks and responsibilities that were assigned at a fairly young age to develop a sense of independence and the discipline to achieve defined objectives through the accomplishment of simple tasks and duties. It is through this training that the concept of time management was initially introduced and slowly developed. Concurrently, the skills for problem-solving and decision making were guided and assisted through supervisory governance and with the assistance of more mature family members. Problem-solving and decision-making skills were likewise fully developed through the various academic levels given as part of complying with the educational requirements in courses and projProblem-solving or one’s ability to control time was part of one’s personal training to improve study habits and to accomplish simple tasks. I remember that my grandfather was very strict and disciplinarian due to his previous work experience as a law enforcer. His expectations require family members to adhere to specific time schedules and to finish tasks immediately.  

Biotechnology Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biotechnology - Movie Review Example That it does not necessarily follow that a superior gene can guarantee success such as the case of Jerome Eugene Morrow who had an excellent genetic predisposition but has poor coping mechanism in the vicissitudes of life that made him a literal â€Å"invalid† due to a failed suicide. This induced aversion to Gattaca’s overemphasis to genes inadvertently drew the audience to Vincent to become more sympathetic with his effort to become an astronaut. The rhetorical strategy of using ethos or the elevation of the character to get the audience to Vincent’s side was very prominent in the film. This is especially obvious in scenes where Vincent beat his brother Anton, who has a superior genetic make than him, in â€Å"Chicken† swimming contest because Vincent is more determined to win by not leaving anything to get back. In the street also where Vincent had to cross without the contact lenses revealed Vincent’s determination to realize his goal as it was shown in the film that he cannot almost see anything yet he still crossed it. This was Vincent’s main selling point in the film that would contrast him from Gattaca’s over reliance on predetermined genetic make-up. In highlighting his qualities such as his persistence, determination, will and discipline, Vincent showed character which is not determined by genetics but is a more important determinant in making an individual a success. Early in the film, Vincent’s experience of being discriminated that emboldened him to persist in realizing his dream is the film’s usage of pathos or emotional appeal for the audience to side with Vincent. Andrew Niccol knows that is our nature to be sympathetic with the underdogs and the oppressed and being such, this was thoroughly exploited in the film Gattaca for the audience to connect with the main protagonist, the invalid who beat valids

Securitization, Regulation and Factors Contributing to Financial Essay

Securitization, Regulation and Factors Contributing to Financial Crisis - Essay Example This paper reviews the current financial crisis with focus on securitization, causes of the crisis, current regulatory framework and the scope of Basel Committee and proposes possible measures regulating the financial sector. The process of securitization and its significance Securitization refers to the transfer of assets from an entity, the originator, to another entity that is set for such purchases with the aim of increasing the generator’s liquidity level. The generator, a financial institution, sells its debt assets to the third party who in turn, provides agreed amount of cash in exchange. The process of securitization incorporates a number of stakeholders. It begins with the financial institution that wishes to securitize its assets. The originator offers its assets to an issuer that must be an established entity for such a purpose and the issuer obtains rights over the assets. The issuer is further a native organization and acquires rights of the assets. Fundamental t o the securitization process is the special purpose vehicle concept that transfers possession of the subject properties from the originator to the issuer and safeguards the issuer’s right over the property should the originator be declared bankrupt. The process also involves the concept of â€Å"credit enhancement† where a ‘non-privity’ party guarantees quality of the involved credit that is then rated before securities are offered. Issue of notes that are structured before they can be offered in the market (Choudhry, 331, 332) accompanies the security offers. The process of securitization identifies diversified benefits to both originators and investors. The process facilitates the originator’s liquidity level by through funding that is derived from owned assets. It therefore allows the financial institutions

The sound and the fury by William Faulkner Essay Example for Free

The sound and the fury by William Faulkner Essay The sound and the fury by William Faulkner Introduction            The Sound and the Fury is an intransigently notorious and difficult novel that has received much acclaim and criticism in equal measure globally. Indeed, this is understandable of a book that literally transients the callous southern American tradition of slavery and racial profiling. Besides, the books depiction of a family that descents from acclaim to desolation and finally live in shadows of its past is one that most people would not love to read. Most importantly, the book traces the deterioration of an intelligent southern adolescent who, living by the traditions of the south, carries along racial conventions to his final plunge in water where he commits suicide. This paper trails Quentin along with his racism to Harvard, his new insights into racism and his family’s contribution towards his racist believes.            Indeed, Quentin Compson is the eldest of the Compson offspring. As thus, he feels inordinately obliged to carry on the family’s responsibilities and suffice its traditions of prestige and greatness. Quentin is first encountered in Chapter 2 where is currently pursuing studies at the Harvard, Massachusetts. It is through his prose that the reader develops an attitude towards him and the Compsons. Quentin is crucial because he presents the Compsons traditions and through him, the reader understands the racial profiling in the South. Interestingly, Quentin carried along the southern traditions with him to the university in the north. He, therefore, encountered feelings of abashed shame, hateful or blase. However, the university in the north is potential crucial because, through his encounters with other southern, he learns insightful details about the race.            Spoade represents one of the southerners at the university who taught Quentin on race. He was a senior student at the university and saw pride for â€Å"never [running] for chapel†. Besides, he is proud because he never wore a shirt till noon. Therefore, he did not fall into the traditions of the â€Å"Northern University†. In so doing, Spoade adhered to the mythological grace and slowness characteristic of the Southern life. Interestingly, Spoade had â€Å"five names that also bore the current English ducal house† indicating that he was a detached and self assured person. Spoade boasts in being a gentleman causing jitters of shame into Quentin because the latter lacked sexual experiences. Perhaps, this is meant to infer that Quentin was possibly a gay. Indeed, â€Å"Spoade, [called] Shreve my husband.† Shreve was Quentin’s roommate at Harvard University.            Other than Spoade, racial sense was taught into Quentin at the North by the Blands. This was an ostensibly wealthy family from Kentucky, in the south. Considering that this family shunned joining the confederacy, it distanced them from the â€Å"Lost Cause† idea. An assessment of this family’s lifestyle reveals that they are extremely arrogant and ungracious, perhaps worse than Spoade. Firstly, the she in the family is a dotty seeking her son. Mrs. Bland took an apartment at Harvard on rent to be close to her son. Her motives are questionable as she goes to great lengths to fancy her son. For instance, she sources his clothes from New York.            In addition, Mrs. Bland takes pride in the â€Å"Gerald’s niggers and Gerald’s horses and Gerald’s women†. According to her, Gerald reflected the splendid specimen that was a replica of the Old South Plantation boss. She is extremely snobbish and overly hateful and valueless to â€Å"these ignorant low class Yankees†. She shows some value only to the Southern Whites. It is through Mrs. Bland that Quentin learns of the disdain characters in Gerald, another white. Gerald features as a dashing handsome young brute who also turns out to be a virile womanizer. Gerald uses his physique to lure white women into his lair. It emerges that he is a viciously rudimental schemer who has no respect for women.            Quentin initiated a fist fight with him absentmindedly, and he ended up thrashing Quentin. This portrays Gerald in a bad light as an ungentle and respectful man as is Quentin. This is because he materialistically exploited his women rather than keep them safe and protected. Mrs. Bland inspires Quentin to think on issues of race. Her extreme obtrusiveness and condescending attitude disqualify her as a Southern lady. Quentin also questions the source of the bulk of wealth that the Blands have. Spoade’s mild hatred for the family coupled with their showiness reflects an upstart family in the guise of the Old South. Quentin is emphatic that Spoade’s image of the aristocratic family effectively concealed his mercenary and aggression Yankee antitype. Moreover, Quentin observes the imminent difference between Spoade and his ancestors who were parvenus.            Quentin takes racial insights on the insensitiveness of the Blands and Spoade. Each of them appears shallow, unkind and unsympathetic towards each other. For instance, the white Blands are detached from a fellow white, Quentin, and only the Yankee, Shreve shows sympathy, friendship and concern towards him. Interestingly, Quentin is from the South just like the Blands and only Shreve the Yankee from Canada showed interest. However, it is observable that Quentin secretly envies the Bland and Spoade for their masculinity and nonchalance. Quentin is attached to their opinions and envies their free sense of self. Therefore, he feels awkward and ashamed in their presence.            Quentin’s encounters with the blacks at the Northern University was seldom but impactful. For instance, he encountered the Deacon who was acquainted with the South’s social customs. According to Quentin, the, â€Å"Deacon could easily identify a Southerner at a glance†. Quentin expresses the dexterous skill that the Deacon had by continuing that, â€Å"once he heard one speak, the Deacon could identify your state.† This reveals that the Deacon probably resided in the South. Quentin is emphatic â€Å"de old nigger† sufficed their expectations by casting the slave role accurately and just perfect. Quentin believes that the Deacon managed to fool the inexperienced freshmen, but he had realized of his duplicity although he could not resist condescending him, although curiously. Quentin’s admiration for the black â€Å"old nigger† is evident because he searched him out and donated an old suit although he claimed to dislik e him.            In the street car, Quentin sat next to a black man who wore â€Å"a derby and shinning shoes†. He â€Å"[held] a dead cigar stub† replica to a normal, autonomous citizen. His passive demeanor of Quentin, the white, seated next to him brings Quentin to appreciating the equality between the whites and the black. It is until he is about to alight that he acknowledges Quentin by politely signaling request to pass. The incident retracts Quentin to an earlier episode in which he called a black man on a mule, in Virginia â€Å"uncle’. Quentin gladly offered a gift to him, and he humbly accepted. The two incidences with the black are a learning experience for Quentin on race issues. It irks him that he questions the stereotyping of the blacks whereby he realizes that the Northerner’s expectations influenced him. Therefore, his acquired insights were not natural but rather learned.            Quentin’s family played a major role in his build up to committing suicide. Quentin spent his early years in prestige and wealth. His family owned huge and expansive property, the plantation. He grew up observing the southern doctrines and traditions, and he became indoctrinated into them. He held the doctrines close to his heart, idealizing nebulous and abstract concepts of virtue, honor and feminine purity. The south traditions enunciated strict code of conducts and Quentin grew into these same codes. Therefore, he was stereotypic of the southern perception of the blacks.            As a Compson, Quentin thrived in the lives of commoners who owned lands and maintained plantations as well as several black servants. The commoners were aptly affluent and elite. For instance, Mr. Compson held a law degree and had an office in town. However, the Compson family degrades, deteriorates and their wealth reduces as Quentin grows into adolescence. His father had to sell off part of their plantation in order to raise money for the young Quentin to school at Harvard.            Quentin is absorbed by his sister Caddy. He is affectionate towards her and is willing to cover up for her mistakes. Quentin is thrown into disarray when he realizes the promiscuity that her sister has been exercising. He is disparaged when she turns out to be pregnant. He is infuriated and disappointed by her acts because it tarnished the family’s name. His absorption with sanctifying the family in line with the southern traditions leads him to claiming incest. He tells his father that he and Caddy committed incest, therefore, resulting to the offspring.            On realizing her sister’s promiscuity, Quentin turns to his father, Mr. Compson for guidance. However, this is a tragic because; the man who instilled the virtues of the south disregards the very pedestals that he raised him. Quentin, therefore, feels betrayed and cheated by both his father and his sister for failing to uphold the codes of the south. This torments him coupled with the deteriorated family statue. On his return to campus, he is a thoughtful, troubled and mentally ill person. He starts having disdained thoughts such as committing suicide. He thinks of eloping with his sister to indulge her into his suicide plan. His hatred and obsession with Caddy’s promiscuity made him draw a knife and lung for her throat ,sometimes when they quarreled. Worse stills, he was obsessed with Candy and the thought of Caddy sharing sexual intimacy with another man gnawed him overtly. He had occasionally threatened to kill her. His lover for her is disastrous as he draws a man into a conquest and he is willing to fight for her. Therefore, her forsaking of the south traditions by her promiscuity and out of wedlock pregnancy were unacceptable to Quentin drawing him into despondency and, finally committing suicide. References Faulkner, William. The sound and the fury. Modern Library ed. New York: Modern Library, 1992. Print. Source document

The Enlightenment And The Development Of Scientific Method Philosophy Essay

The Enlightenment And The Development Of Scientific Method Philosophy Essay After Greek Civilization happened around 500 B.C., Sophists asserted that human should be aware of themselves and nature as Protagoras declared (Feibleman, 1995). The early philosophical thinking influenced the way people understood and gained the knowledge. The Scientific Revolution, which began in 17th century and associated with some familiar names like Isaac Isaac Newton (1643-1727), Galileo Galileo (1564-1642), had a huge impact on course of science and progress of human knowledge. Most scientific philosophers in that period believed that reason was the key to a correct method, and the model of reason was mathematics. (Hankins 2003, p. 2) Before the Enlightenment, people believed the knowledge, all intellectuals and natural world were creations of Gods will, but during the pre-modern period people started to challenge those thoughts existed since 16th century. The Enlightenment was a period when the reason was regarded as the way leading to true knowledge and several new concepts emerged did had a huge impact on development of scientific method. In 2003, Hankins described that the Enlightenment was not a fixed set of beliefs but a way of thinking, a critical approach that was supposed to open the way for constructive thought and action. (Hankins 2003, p. 2)The aim of this report is trying to describe and state the importance of Enlightenment in the development of the scientific method of inquiry. The Enlightenment not only provided scientific disciplines, but also had huge impact on latter development of scientific method. Part 1 Influential Philosophers and Scientific Method Influential Philosophers There were two major early modern thoughts emerged during the period of the Enlightenment: the Empiricism associated with Francis Bacon (1561-1626), John Locke (1632-1704) etc. and the Rationalism associated with Renà © Descartes (1596-1650) etc. The Empiricism refers to an argument asserted knowledge should be gained from sense experience and it also emphasized on several aspects of scientific knowledge related to evidence. Francis Bacons writings The Advancement of Learning and Novum Organon indicated a clearly features of scientific thinking accessing to the truth should base on observation (Smith, 2003) And he also argued that the key activity of science as one of demystifying existing false and irrational interpretations of the world around us (Smith 2003, p. 48) The powerful argument explained us that empirical observation is the way we should start from to gain real knowledge and up to this point he is seem as the Father of Experimental Philosophy (Lewes 1867, p. 119) John Locke who developed Bacons idea and pursued that the method of acquiring knowledge was to be based on in terms of sense experience. But how can we separate the knowledge gained only by sense experience and the substantive knowledge? On this point Loc ke developed Bacons idea and to some extent had impact on Metaphysics by dividing propositions into analytic/synthetic distinction (Smith 2003, p. 60). The Rationalism which associated with Renà © Descartes refers to a set of argument asserting knowledge result from logical and deductive human reasoning. Descartes made marked contribution on the development of mathematics to discover the application of Algebra to Geometry. And his system indicated that consciousness being the only ground of certitude, mathematics the only method of certitude. (Lewes 1867, p.145) Scientific Method There was only one the Enlightenment in human history, but there were several steps of construction of science and its method. There is undoubted that the Enlightenment was influenced by various philosophical thoughts, so to understand the relation between philosophy and science and scientific method should be the first step as to gain main target explaining the importance of the Enlightenment on development of scientific method. 1.jpg Figure 1 Perspective on the place and role of scientific method Gauch, G. H. (2003) Scientific Method in Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Online Image] available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iVkugqNG9dACprintsec=frontcoverdq=scientific+methodlr=hl=zh-CNsource=gbs_similarbooks_scad=1#v=onepageq=f=true Figure 1 gave a clear explanation of relation between philosophy, philosophy of science and scientific method. It is obvious to find that philosophy is grounded by common sense. Philosophy of science is the foundation of scientific method which supports scientific specialties and technology. Lewes provided a good definition of philosophy: philosophy attempts to explain the phenomena of the universe. (Lewes 1867, p. xix) The relationship between philosophy and science can be described as following statement: science is the systematization of different generalities achieved according to particulars, and philosophy is the systematization of the generalities of generalities (Losee, 1980). So we could assert that each science associated with philosophy will be the co-ordination of its highest truths.(e. g. philosophy of science) (Lewes 1867, p. xix) The scientific method would be an essential and crucial tool access to revealing the truth through application of two patterns of reasoning which they are: Deduction and Induction. As Toraldo di Francia stated in Gowers book in 1997 that a scientific method cannot adequately be discussed if it is divided from the science to which it applies. (Gower 1997, p. 6-7) The scientific method used in each specific science gradually evolved as what science did. But the period of the Enlightenment had a significant impact on the development of scientific method of inquiry. Part 2 The significance of the Enlightenment in the development of the scientific method of inquiry Rosenberg argued science did not really spring up independently elsewhere before or after its emergence among the Greeks 2500 years ago (Rosenberg 2000, p. 14). In ancient science, most thinkers never confronted with reality because they believed those findings were all self-disclosed and self sustained. Aristotle the first philosopher of science (Losee 1980, p. 6) may be truly styled the father of the Inductive Philosophy and announce with a completeness and precision not surpassed by Bacon himself. (Lewes 1867, p. 285) Also as Lewes (1867) stated that Aristotle was the first who arranged speculative questions of discriminate between objective and subjective conceptions of phenomena, and suggested the research. By holding the contrast opinion on Plato, Aristotle searched his basis in sensory perception. His inductive deductive method gave a view of scientific inquiry that started from observation to explanatory principles by using induction and went back to observation by using ded uction (Losee, 1980). C:Documents and SettingsSophieà ¦Ã‚ ¡Ã…’à ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢aristotel.jpg Figure 2 Aristotles inductive deductive procedure Losee, J. (1980) A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Whether we accept it or not, the ancient scientific thoughts were the foundation of the methodology in pre-modern period. Francis Bacon an empiricist in the Enlightenment and Descartes are regarded as the Fathers of Modern Philosophy as Lewes stated (Lewes, 1867). He published a well-known literary Novum Organum in 1620 asserted a new scientific method and replace previous Aristotles methodology as Losee (1980) stated. As Bacon said all merely logical explanations are valueless (Lewes 1867, p. li), up to this point experience and induction were his reliance. Nevertheless Alexandre Koyrà © and E. J. Dijksterhuis in Losees book (1980) argued that Bacon regarded as an innovator achieved nothing in science, and his critical opinion an inductive-experimental method was not incisive and original one comparing with Aristotelian method. On the contrary, John Herschel declared in Losees book (1980) that the task executed by Francis Bacon substituted in Aristotles method was stronger and bett er. C:Documents and SettingsSophieà ¦Ã‚ ¡Ã…’à ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢1.jpg Figure 3 Bacons Ladder of Axioms Losee, J. (1980) A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. As Figure 3 presented, Bacons new method explained scientific procedure should stress on three steps: gradually, progressive inductions and a method of exclusion (Losee 1980, p. 64). And to some extent, Bacon agreed with Aristotles outline of scientific procedure that the progression in science should start from observations to general principles and back to observations. So Losee (1980) argued Bacon in 1620 also emphasized the inductive scientific procedure which should gradually develop from low degree of generality to inclusive ones. Furthermore, Bacon (1620) demonstrated that natural and experimental histories should be the base of the pyramid. Bacon summarized Aristotles weakness of inductive deductive method that did not critically practice collected data and work without enough observations, and provided his own opinion of stressing on practical application of scientific knowledge, nevertheless Lewes (1867) argued Bacon failed in scientific research because he denied the valu e claimed for methodology. The inversion of Francis Bacons scientific procedure was announced by Renà © Descartes. Descartes agreed with Bacons propositions of pyramid, but hold the opposite opinion to state that the work to seek general laws should begin at the top of the pyramid and go downwards as far as possible by using a deductive procedure. And he also claimed that any idea which is both clearly and distinctly present to the mind must be true. (Losee 1980, p. 71) And Lewes (1867) argued that due to Descartes argument we could say the Deductive Method was finally and completely constructed. The impact of Enlightenment on scientific method The previous methodology in the Enlightenment provided a scientific and philosophical foundation of modern science, and directly impacted Galileo, Newton in their scientific method. Just as Smith (2003) argued that the scientific method provided by Bacon and Descartes established the framework for modern scientific knowledge. Galileo who made observation of the surface of the sun and four satellites of Jupiter promoted the Method of Resolution and the Method of Composition. He agreed with Bacons inductive method and Descartes deductive. Let me explain. Just like Losee (1980) said Galileos agreement of importance of physical abstraction and idealization extended the inductive techniques. In Method of Resolution, Galileo sampled a series of fluids from observed bodies and gave an extrapolation. Losee (1980) argued that this extrapolation was only based on an ordered phenomenon, but no normal phenomena. And such idealization method makes him emphasize on imagination on the process of scientific procedure. But on the other hand, he also processed deductive method. In the Method of Composition, Galileo suggested the deduction of consequences that hypothesize the maximum range is achieved at 45 degree (Losee 1980, p. 55). Ohear (1991) described Galileos method had a positive feature in deductive systematization . Newton directly disagreed with Descartes deductive method and supported an examination of phenomena according to peoples generalization. So Newton declared that Although the arguing from Experiments and Observations by Induction is no Demonstration of general Conclusion, yet it is the best way of arguing which the Nature of Things admits of. (Newton 1952, p. 404) But on the other hand, he also applied deductive method in famous Optical experiment. So Smith described that it was creative mix of precise observation and scientific detachment from ones object derived from Bacon and the assumption of human consciousness as the source of knowledge derived from Descartes.(Smith 2003, p. 53) Lets see how Newton argued his Analysis and Synthesis Method and how it applied on scientific procedure. Newton affirmed Aristotles inductive-deductive procedure and opposed this as his Method of Analysis and Synthesis. In order to justify his thought, he agreed with Grosseteste and Roger Bacon in 13th century and Galileo and Francis Bacon in 17th century as Ohear (1991) described. His method fully applied in his famous optical experiment, and find out sunlight is consisted of different colors. He used inductively argued that rays of sunlight have refractive feature, and then he used deductive to justify his hypothesis for further consequences of this theory. Thus he was able introduce his laws of motion and gravitation. Conclusion The debates between deduction and induction never stopped, but the Enlightenment was such a crucial period that found the most important argument that any truth and scientific knowledge cannot be achieved without a correct scientific method. And the promotion of those methods was encouraged by several different philosophical scientists with various backgrounds. The reasoning is such a process by using scientific method to investigate new knowledge and revise previous knowledge. If a hypothetical reasoning bases on sense experience, the deductive reasoning is such a process may make the scientific conclusion more reliable and valid. Just like Gower said the reasoning they require is, in fact, deductive rather than inductive. No matter which method they would prefer, the significance of the Enlightenment is to establish thinking searching scientific methodology for each scientific course.

Emergent Systems †Religion Versus Science :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Emergent Systems – Religion Versus Science Religion is an institution that invokes unobservable and improbable entities to explain the natural world. It provides a default explanation for anything not currently understood. Over the last few thousand years, the number of unknowns has exponentially decreased along with religion's monopoly on why and how. Now, religion is almost never invoked to interpret reality. When someone has a seizure, a hole isn't drilled in his head. When our children ask where AIDS or lightning comes from, we no longer answer "God." We now have a wonderful array of social and natural sciences at our disposal. Sociology tells us why people behave seemingly oddly in groups. Psychology explains that people aren't strictly good or evil. Biochemistry shows us how the neurons in our brain work and even gives recipes for chemicals that make us happier and less anxious. Physics tells us how these molecules are bound together and how they can be split apart. Each of the sciences is pretty confined to its scope. The pure sciences explain the simple in slightly simpler terms. The social sciences explain the complex in slightly less complex terms. However, they do string end-to-end very nicely, one picking up where the previous left off. There does seem to be a large gap that is covered by no field at this time. That gap is between neurobiology and psychology. The first explains how each individual neuron operates. The second, what they do when about 15 billion of them get together. What happens in between that creates consciousness and apparent self-awareness? To many, it's obvious that this gap will be filled by another scientific field. However, to most of the world, this is the final unknown. Like the unknowns before it, it's filled by religion. Nearly all current religious beliefs are concentrated around this remaining scientific gap. What are the most prevalent remaining religious beliefs? People no longer believe the earth is the center of the universe or disease is punishment from God. These contradict existing hard sciences. The remaining beliefs are those that fill in for this missing scientific field. The soul and the afterlife. How are the soul and afterlife related to this missing field? The soul is a catch-all concept that substitutes for our lack of understanding of consciousness. Afterlife is recognition that because the mind (soul) is not understood, it is to be treated as a black box. The afterlife concept is a hopeful presupposition that because we do not know what goes on inside the black box, it may possess an ability to transcend its apparent cease of functioning. Emergent Systems – Religion Versus Science :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers Emergent Systems – Religion Versus Science Religion is an institution that invokes unobservable and improbable entities to explain the natural world. It provides a default explanation for anything not currently understood. Over the last few thousand years, the number of unknowns has exponentially decreased along with religion's monopoly on why and how. Now, religion is almost never invoked to interpret reality. When someone has a seizure, a hole isn't drilled in his head. When our children ask where AIDS or lightning comes from, we no longer answer "God." We now have a wonderful array of social and natural sciences at our disposal. Sociology tells us why people behave seemingly oddly in groups. Psychology explains that people aren't strictly good or evil. Biochemistry shows us how the neurons in our brain work and even gives recipes for chemicals that make us happier and less anxious. Physics tells us how these molecules are bound together and how they can be split apart. Each of the sciences is pretty confined to its scope. The pure sciences explain the simple in slightly simpler terms. The social sciences explain the complex in slightly less complex terms. However, they do string end-to-end very nicely, one picking up where the previous left off. There does seem to be a large gap that is covered by no field at this time. That gap is between neurobiology and psychology. The first explains how each individual neuron operates. The second, what they do when about 15 billion of them get together. What happens in between that creates consciousness and apparent self-awareness? To many, it's obvious that this gap will be filled by another scientific field. However, to most of the world, this is the final unknown. Like the unknowns before it, it's filled by religion. Nearly all current religious beliefs are concentrated around this remaining scientific gap. What are the most prevalent remaining religious beliefs? People no longer believe the earth is the center of the universe or disease is punishment from God. These contradict existing hard sciences. The remaining beliefs are those that fill in for this missing scientific field. The soul and the afterlife. How are the soul and afterlife related to this missing field? The soul is a catch-all concept that substitutes for our lack of understanding of consciousness. Afterlife is recognition that because the mind (soul) is not understood, it is to be treated as a black box. The afterlife concept is a hopeful presupposition that because we do not know what goes on inside the black box, it may possess an ability to transcend its apparent cease of functioning.

Last Solution for Outbreak of Gangs? :: essays research papers

Last Solution For Outbreak of Gangs?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently being discussed in Congress is the Anti-gang Bill, also known as the â€Å"Gangbusters Bill†. This bill would turn gang-related violent offenses into federal crimes punishable by mandatory sentences of at least ten years, expand the range of crimes punishable by death, and allow U.S. prosecutors to try 16 and 17 year old gang members as adults in federal courts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One unfortunate effect of this new bill will be the progressing overcrowding of federal prisons. On June 30, 2004, a study was taken of the United States Federal Prisons and 2,131,180 prisoners were detained in federal or state prisons or local jails, an increase of 2.3% from midyear 2003 statistics, and an estimated 486 prison inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents went up from the previous 411 at the end of 1995. Between 1995 and 2001 alone, violent offenders accounted for 63% while drug offenders contributed 15% of the total growth of the state prison population. Even with population disputes aside, this political decision will only further persuade our more enlightened citizens of our government officials’ gullibility, to truly believe cement walls and bars will stop gangs and gang-related violence. All this â€Å"Gangbusters Bill† will do is round them up possibly making it easier for them, given the then closer proximity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another topic giving reason to throw up red flags on this government issue is the fact that the bill will help bring the United States further indebt. In 1992, Federal and State prisons reached a record high of 883,593 prisoners and it was estimated that approximately 1,143 prison bed spaces were needed per week due to overcrowding. On an economic prospect, on average each prisoner costs $22,000 per year and the 883,593 prisoners were costing American taxpayers approximately $19.4 billion, not to mention another $61.7 million for the construction of the 1,143 spaces needed. Do these numbers throw your mind for a loop?

Analysis on Gender Discrimination

Do you ever wonder why your parents never make your sister cut the lawn or maybe if you are a female, your parents automatically make you wash dishes? Moms get their girl†s ears pierced at age two yet will not let their sons get their ears pierced until they are out of the house. What gives? These are examples of how decisions are based on whether you are male or female, otherwise known as gender bias. Because of their sex, people do not get jobs they are well qualified for, are paid lower wages, and are overlooked for job promotions and many other opportunities. Gender discrimination is all around us; you can find it everywhere. Gender discrimination is an ongoing problem in the Fox Valley, the state of Wisconsin, and the United States. Samantha Miller and Mark Dagostino report an example of this discrimination at Boston College. They explain that for the past twenty-five years, Mary Daly, 70, has barred men from her classes, insisting that her female students learn better without male distractions. â€Å"The point of my class is that there be a space where women can create our thoughts and our own philosophy, unencumbered by patriarchal invasions,† Daly stated. â€Å"It†s not about discrimination at all.† Boston College recently fired Daly when she rejected the school†s ultimatum to admit men after a male student threatened to sue the school claiming Daly was violating federal law. Boston College officials maintain Daly†s stance violated the landmark 1972 Title IX legislation that bars gender discrimination at schools receiving federal funds (1). She may have good reasons for wanting an all-female class, but the law states everybody is entitled to an equal opportunity for education. Gender discrimination dates back as far as Adam and Eve. Can you imagine the world starting out with a woman in control? As gender discrimination continued to invade all aspects of life, the government began to step in. Laws were passed so women could vote and become public officials. President Richard M. Nixon signed Title IX of the Federal Education Law in 1972 that banned gender discrimination in classes. Barbara Bitters reports there are schools in Wisconsin that are not complying with the law because they still have separate boys† and girls† choirs. Little Chute High School, a small community located in northeastern Wisconsin, has a women†s† choir. Are they in compliance? Jean Beschta, an Appleton high school guidance counselor, remembers when the law was passed in the seventies. â€Å"There were a lot of nervous fathers who were worried what would happen to their boys if someone introduced them to cookbooks, recipes, and dish towels.† Some of Wisconsin†s well-known colleges are also battling with gender bias. Julie Sneider from the Business Journal Serving Greater Milwaukee reported a study done in 1998 that shows only twenty-five percent of Marquette†s full-time tenure track faculty are women, and only six of the school†s one hundred and fourteen faculty members with full professor status are women. The federal government has criticized UW-Madison for not bringing the number of female faculty closer to the number of female students who constitute more than half of the student body. Gwen Carleton from the Capital Times reports part of the problem is that many of the deans and administrators making hiring decisions continue to believe women are unqualified or uninterested in faculty positions. How are we doing as a nation? The Capital Times, cites a study released by the AFL-CIO, indicating that Wisconsin is among the worst states for a gender pay gap among full-time workers. â€Å"Across the nation, women earn 74 cents for every dollar earned by men. A typical woman in Wisconsin earns 69 cents for every man†s dollar, or $193 less per week,† (1). The U.S. President Bill Clinton said, â€Å"Equal pay is not a political issue. It is not even a gender issue. It is, at heart, a national issue, a family issue, and a matter of principal – a question of what kind of country we want America to be today, and in the twenty-first century,† (Zadrozmy). If our own president thinks equal pay among both sexes isn†t a political problem, whose problem is it? Gender bias is seen at all levels but without the support of laws to enforce equality between the sexes, what can be done? Each of us as individuals needs to do our part. Vote to keep politicians in office that favor equality for men and women in all aspects of their lives – equal employment opportunity, equal rights to a good education, equal pay for the same job, and so on. Support schools that offer equal opportunities for their teachers and students regardless of their gender. Teach your children to keep open minds and not judge people and their capabilities by whether they are male or female. Most importantly, base your decisions without letting bias interfere with your outcome.

Early Birds Catches the Worm

Each proverb has the features of time, and new ideas can be added to the old ones. The classic proverbs never worried about fading. Like the proverb â€Å"Early bird catches the worm†, people all over the world are still saying and using this phrase today. Although in different languages, we use completely different words, but still convey the same meaning. For example, In China, there is a similar saying: â€Å"The quick-footed mount first. † This proverb usually plays a traditional role in dally life, fitting well Into this competitive and materialistic society.Everybody wants to be the first, to stand on he top of the mountain. Although the university year is still in its early stages, students who are applying for graduate positions In 2009 have almost missed their chance. Companies have begun their recruitment earlier this year. These companies never worry about lacking in people to work for them, what they really need are those who are eagerly preparing his/her re sume to get into the company. Human life Is transient, so beginning a career at a young age is an â€Å"early-bird† and wise choice.American's Next Top Model has been a hot TV show for years, which I have been watching for a long time. Every time the contestants are surely to be at a young age, because if you get into the competition at 25,you are already too old and the Judges and other competitors will always use age as an issue, though unconsciously. Most people have their dreams when they are only children. And the dream remains In their minds as time goes by. Take action, be the early bird, even with mistakes along the way. Although some of them seem so far.Don't worry, there is also a saying: Clumsy birds start flying early. Upon closer analysis by changing or adding a few words in the proverb, a whole new perspective is shown: â€Å"Urban bird catches the arm. † Early birds may catch the worm but city birds prefer a little bit late. They don't rely heavily on wo rms from the trees. Instead the city birds visit bird feeders later in the day. The researchers believe the difference in feeding is due to the â€Å"urban heat island effect†, as the city becomes warmer, the birds don't need to get up early to replace energy lost overnight to keep warm.Within a word play, the anta-proverb has similar pronunciation as the original . Using the old frame is a good way to attract other people's attention, in a humorous demonstration. Let us not focus solely on the costive side, the usage of this proverb has a great limitation. Everything in this world is not absolutely right. Getting up early means less sleep. Recently research shows that â€Å"Night owls rule the roost,† scientists found out that the late risers tire less quickly than those who get up at the crack of the dawn, thus they could have more energy to do their work.To think more critically, the early birds catch the worm, and the early worms get eaten by birds. Do any of us wa nt to be the victim? It is easy to market's need and thus become the sacrifice. Coming late into the business world ND learning from the established competitors can offer an advantage. Rival birds can turn up pretty much whenever they want and still get a decent feed, as long as they hit the right spot, to say, there are plenty of worms hanging around everywhere.Here is a interesting one: â€Å"The early bird would never catch the worm if the dumb worm slept late†, the phrase also shows not every early-birds choice could be success. There are risks we need to undertake. In any cases, getting up early is often unnecessary. â€Å"Early bird† suggests that we should be more diligent in achieving our goals and desires. Taking more time to think, the proverb â€Å"think before you leap† always relates to the early bird wisdom. After comparing this proverb and illustrating so many examples, the proverb reminds me of the Darning's famous theory, Survival of The Fittest .Although the â€Å"Early bird catches the worm† need context to make it more conceivable, if all the people on the earth were willing to be the early birds, the scene would be chaos. The nature order among human competition, allows a functional world. The fact is early birds eat early worms, late birds eat late worms. Early bird catches the worm, this proverb impresses me so much is because mama always using it to wake me up, reminds me of home. That's the warm and positive side for me. There are so many things to list within one proverb.Every coin has two sides, I don't like to live in a competitive world, but welcome to the reality world, I need to face it whether I like the life style or not. Just to say I will never treat it as my lifetime guideline. To grow with a ordinary heart, to live each day with energy and happiness is the best for me. Find out what suits you best, that's the most important essence we could characterize as our own unique proverb. Citation: The Cou rier Mail. Night owls who rule the roost†. 25 April 2009. Lexis's.